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Marion Kozak
Marion Kozak or Marion Kozak Miliband (born 1934 as Dobra Jenta Kozak, also known as Maria Kozak) is a Polish-born British activist. She emigrated to the United Kingdom in the 1950s. In 1961 she married Ralph Miliband (1924–1994) and their two sons, David Miliband and Ed Miliband, have risen to prominence in modern-day British politics.
==Birth and early life==
Kozak was the daughter of wealthy Jewish parents, Bronislawa (Landau) and Dawid Kozak,〔(The Sitkowski Family ) Retrieved 5 October 2014〕 in the Polish town of Częstochowa, with a Jewish population of about 40,000 in 1939, or a quarter of its population.〔http://www.czestochowajews.org/docs/joc-brochure_pol.pdf〕 In 1939 when the Germans took control, the Kozaks’ factory was commandeered and transformed into a munitions plant. In the town, an estimated 2,000 Jews were murdered by Germans on the spot and another 40,000 transported to the gas chambers at the Treblinka extermination camp. At some point Polish nuns in a convent took the Kozaks in and hid them from the Germans. Marion refuses to divulge where or when this took place. She also credits the "kindness and generosity of acquaintances in Warsaw" for her survival. She was also known as Maria. In the only official version of events, a biography of her husband Ralph Miliband written by a family friend, Michael Newman states that: "For the rest of the war Marion, Hadassa and their mother had been in constant danger and owed their lives to several brave people, Jewish and non-Jewish, many of whom were themselves killed."〔
In 2009 David Miliband, in his capacity as the Foreign Secretary, expressed his thanks to the Polish people for having saved his mother during the Holocaust. During an official visit to Poland he said: "My mother was born here, her life was saved by those who risked theirs () sheltering her from Nazi oppression". Newspaper reports stated that "Miliband’s Polish Jewish mother, Marion Kozak, is from Czestochowa in southern Poland and emigrated in the 1950s"〔 and that "his paternal grandparents were also Polish Jews".
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